Biology Is Life !

The steps of DNA replication is 1)The molecules unzip the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds. This is accomplished by an enzyme called helicase.

2. Polymerase adds nucleotides to an existing strand.

3. Ligase brings together the Okazaki fragments.

5. Topoisomerase cuts and rejoins the helix.

6. RNA primase catalyzes the synthesis of RNA primers.

My question is describes the steps of transcription in RNA.

Transcription
 

There is no transcription in RNA. DNA is transcripded into RNA.

What is the worlds fastest animal movement/reflex?

Click Here
 

My question is describes the steps of transcription in DNA.
 

The worlds fastest animal reflex is Odontomachus hastatus but does that have to do with the curriculum because I don't think I ever heard of that!

My question though is what are all the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
Whats the Difference?
 

rye... i did interpret A1 as he described it himself... the process of transcription... also... cookie is correct... you are out of curriculum unless you are just asking about a reflex... but that is unclear.
c'ya tomorrow
:)
 

Meiosis is a type of cellular reproduction in which the number of chromosomes are reduced by half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. the function is Growth, Repair, asexual Reproduction. and only occurs in Humans, animals, plants

whereas, mitosis is a process of asexual reproduction in which the cell divides in two producing a replica (exact copy) with an equal number of chromosomes (One cell becomes two). the function is Cellular Reproduction (cell division during which the cell nucleus divides. mitosis occurs in all organisms.


~~what is incomplete dominance and co-dominance?~~

co/incomplete-dominance
 

The difference between codominance and incomplete dominance is expression. Codominance is when both dominant genes are expressed. Incomplete dominance is when the two genes combine to make a new expression, i.e. 4 'O clock flowers. My question is what is the krebs cycle? Click Here
 

jersey.. i quote "the function is Growth, Repair, asexual Reproduction. and only occurs in Humans, animals, plants"

but in reality meiosis is use in anything that does sexual reproduction, but only in the production of sperm or egg.

hj
 

The kreb cycle is a series of chemical reactions that begins with acetyl CoA formed from pyruvic acid. In the cycle, certain organic acid molecules are are used over and over again. They then turn to other compounds and are turned back to their original form before the cycle begins again. Every turn requires a molecule of acetyl CoA and yields 2 molecules of carbon dioxide and 4 pairs of hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen is then picked up by NAD and FAD and 1 ATP molecule is produced during 1 turn of the cycle.

My question is what makes up the urinary system and what does it do?
Urinary System
 

The kidneys, bladder and urethra make up the urinary system. The urinary system filters waste and excess fluid from the blood

What is the difference between ligaments and tendons?

LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS!!!!!!
 

There is not much difference between a ligament and a tendon. Both are formed from chains of collagen cells produced by proteins stored in the body. This is where the similarity stops, however. A ligament acts much like a shock absorber and connects bone to bone. A tendon acts more like an anchoring point for a band of muscles and attaches muscle to bone.



My question is what are the three parts of the cell theory, and what are the exceptions.

The cell theory
 

The difference between ligaments and tendons is that ligaments are bone to bone while tendons are bone to muscle. A ligament is a band of tissue, often white, which connects bones and holds organs in place. A tendon is a band of dense fiburous tissue to connect a muscle with a bone!


Now...
Whats the difference bewtween organs and organelles?!

HeReReRrErRe!!
 

AAAAH METHANE! haha okay i gotta redue mine. The three parts of the cell theory are

1. All living things are made of cells.

2.Cells are the basic units of life.

3.Cells come only from other cells.

The exceptions are *

Viruses are considered to be alive , yet they arent made of cells.
The first cell didnt form from a pre-existing cell.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genetic material.

QUESTION:Whats the difference between organs and organelles?!
use the link i posted before!
 

Organs and organelles are two different things. Organelles are to cells, as organs are to the body. Cytoplasm and microtubules can be used as an example of organelles in a cell, while muscular and skeletal systems in the body. The brain is an "organ" to the body, like the nucleus is to the cell. Both of these "organs" are control centers with different parts they are made up of.

My question is:
What is a biome?

The World's Biomes
 

A biome is a community characterized by specific plants or animals that live in relatively same climate in one region , and has eveolved to the fullest . Some examples are ; the desert , the rainforest , or the grassland .

My question is :
What is the Cell Theory , and who came up with it ?

Cell Theory !
 

Wait , I can't use that question I just realized . Uh ... , next question : What are proteins , and how can protein diversity in living beings be explained ?

Link :
Protein Structure ! Now , let's try this again and hope that it's okkk :) .
 

The difference between organs and organelles are that organs are made up of many tissues and organelles are chemical structures and both make the body they are enclosed in, the cell for organelles and the body for organs.

My question is:
How does the nervous system work?

Click Here
 

oops, sorry.
Protiens are long chains of aminop acids. Not all organisms have the same needs and therefor don't need the same protiens. One organism might need protien 1 while another organism might need protien 2.

okay, same question and link
 

the nervous system works through impulses and reactions. the impulse travels through the axon of motor nerons to the brain were then a signal for a reaction is sent out.

Q: what are the thre types of nerons and what do they do.

Click Here
 

Three types of Neurons are Sensory, Motor, and Interneuron.

Sensory neurons are in stimulus receptors for touch,taste,smell,sound and vision.

Interneurons are found only in the spinal cord and brain. They help with the stimulation process.

Motor Neurons transimit impulses from the CNS to glands and muscles.

Q:What are the 5 stages of Mitosis in an animal/plant cell.
 

Link: http://www.uoguelph.ca/zoology/devobio/210labs/mitosis1.html
 

The 5 stages of mitosis in a plant and animal cell is Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase,Anaphase,and telophase. About 90% or more of the time of mitosis is spent in interphase.



My question is what are at least 3 advantages to locomotion?


locomotion
 

look-in good...great work !
:)
 

Three advantages to locomotion are finding food, avoiding predators, and finding a mate.

What are chromosomal mutaions and what are some specific types of them?

Chromosomal Mutations
 

A chromosonal Mutation is a mutation involving a long segment of DNA. In some cases, deleted sections may attach to other chromosomes, disrupting both the chromosomes that loses the DNA and the one that gains it.

Some examples are : sickle cell anemia,PKU,Down's Syndrome and Tay-sachs.

My question is what are the two types or protiens ? Give examples of each!

Protiens !
 

The two types of proteins are simple proteins and conjugated proteins. Some examples of simple proteins are globulin, glutelin, and prolamine. Examples of conjugated proteins are glycoproteins, lipoproteins,, and nucleoproteins.
My question is what are the types of mutations? Give examples of each please =)
mutationsss
 

Translocation = Down Syndrome
Inversion = hemophilia
Deletion = PKU
Addition = Tay- Sachs
Nondisjuntions = Turner's Syndrome
Polyploidy = Kleinfelter's Syndrome

And I must know...
What is the composition of DNA??

DNA
 

FYI
downs syndrome is a nondisjunction of the 21st chromosome... trisomey 21
c'ya tomorrow in class
:)
hj
 

nucleic acids are long chainlike molecules, the backbones of which consist of repeated sequences of phosphate and sugar linkages—ribose sugar in RNA and deoxyribose sugar in DNA. Attached to the sugar links in the backbone are two kinds of nitrogenous bases:purines and pyrimidines. The purines are adenine(A) and guanine(G) in both DNA and RNA; the pyrimidines are cytosine (C) and thymine(T) in DNA and cytosine (C) and uracil (U) in RNA. A single purine or pyrimidine is attached to each sugar, and the entire phosphate-sugar-base subunit is called a nucleotide. The nucleic acids extracted from different species of animals and plants have different proportions of the four nucleotides.

My question...
What type of root systems are found in plants?

CLICK HERE!http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPLANTANAT.html
 

A plant has two organ systems: 1) the shoot system, and 2) the root system. The shoot system is above ground and includes the organs such as leaves, buds, stems, flowers (if the plant has any), and fruits (if the plant has any). The root system includes those parts of the plant below ground, such as the roots, tubers, and rhizomes.

How do protists excret metabolic wastes?
Click Here
 

Protist excrete metabolic wastes by diffusion through the cell membrane. Protists do not have any special excretory structures.In fresh water protists, metabolic wastes diffuse through the cell membrane directly into the environment.

What is the difference between molecular and mendelin genetics?
Click Here
 

Mendelian genetics focuses on gene heredity and Molecular genetics is more focused on chemical processes of genetics.

How does the human body respond to foreign material?
link
 

When antigens enter the body, leukocytes take action. The phagocyte leukocytes can engulf the antigen to get rid of it. The lymphocytes are cells that “remember” the antigen for the next time. The b-lymphocytes produce antibodies that go after the antigen. The B cells and the antigen are both proteins and the antibody has the exact shape to fit into the antigen to start to get rid of it. But the B cells can’t destroy the antigen its self. Therefore, the helper T cells destroy it fully. They can also signal phagocytes to engulf the antigen too.

my question is what is the sodium potassium pump ?
 

my bad, i forgot the link


Clickkkkk
 

The sodium potassium is involved in the process of moving sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane is an active transport process involving the hydrolysis of ATP to provide the necessary energy. It involves an enzyme referred to as Na+/K+-ATPase. This process is responsible for maintaining the large excess of Na+ outside the cell and the large excess of K+ ions on the inside.It accomplishes the transport of three Na+ to the outside of the cell and the transport of two K+ ions to the inside. This unbalanced charge transfer contributes to the separation of charge across the membrane. The sodium-potassium pump is an important contributor to action potential produced by nerve cells.

My question is what are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Click Here
 

Aerobic:
1. occurs in presence of oxygen.
2. CO2 and water is produced
3. lot of energy is liberated (38 ATP)
4.occurs in plants' and animals' cells
5. C6H12O6 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP ( Energy)

Anaerobic:
1. occurs in absence of oxygen
2. Lactic Acid or Alchol is produced
3. relatively small energy is liberated (2ATP)
4. occurs in many anaerobic bacteria and human muscle cells.
5. in muscles, lactic acid is produced while bacteria as Yeast produces Alcohol (Ethanol)
6. C6H12O6 --> Lactic acid / C2H5OH + ATP.

describe three functions of blodd:
Click Here
 

The difference between aerobic and anerobic respiration are that in aerobic oxygen is used to make energy, anerobic respiration is when energy is made without oxygen.
DifferenceWhats the difference between yellow bone marrow and white bone marrow?
 

Do i have to do this again i just posted it and the page unpdated and she did it too. Im going to bed. Ill check it in the morning for the response.
 

Blood carries oxygen to muscles, carries nutrients, and flushes out waste.
 

I'm not sure, but I think you mean't to say red bone marrow? The difference is that with red bone marrow is the stem cells and functional red blood cells. Also all other blood cell formation occurs in the red marrow and the destruction. Yellow bone marrow stores mainly fats.

Q: What are the different organelles of the animal cell?

Link - http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/animcell.htm
 

good morning
:)
hj