Biology Is Life !

The differences among the symbiotic relationships are:
A) Mutualism benefits from each other. One example of mutualism are plants & fungus.
B) Commensalism is when one organisms consumes the uneated food of the other.
C) Parasitism is when an organism lives off the body or in the body of another organism, lives off its tissue and usually causes damage.
Some examples of parasites are viruses, bacterias, protozoan & tapeworms.



Who is the father of Taxonomy and why is Taxonomy important?
 

Carolus Linnaeus is the father of taxonomy. Taxonomy is important because it makes one standardized name for each oranism and avoids confusion. Before the binomial system there could be different long latin names for each organism and they could get confusing.

How does the human body fight infection?
 

The immune system is the body's defense against infectious organisms and other invaders. An immune response responds to the infectious organisms that enter the body. The white blood cells are part of this defense mechanism.

Name and state the function of all 206 bones.

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well ... how about just naming the different types of bone tissue... 206 would be quite a posting!
 

I AGREE WITH MR.JOHNSON!!!! sorry Taylor :P

1. The two types of bone tissue are spongy bone and compact bone. Spongy bone is a network of odd-shaped parts of bone. The spaces between the bone contain red or yellow marrow and has many veins and cappilaries for the exchange of nutrients, gases, etc. Compact bone is solid and unflexible. It make up most of the bone and contain osteocytes, bone cells.

2. What is the difference between a vertebrate and a chordate? Explain.

If you're a vertebrate and you know it clap your hands!!
 

1. A chordate has a notochord. A vertabrate has a back bone. Chordates don't necessarily have a spine.

2. Name the five kingdoms (taxonomy. Name at least one organism from each kingdom and why they are classified in that kingdom.

Hakuna matata!!!
 

sorry, the link doesn't work. To whoever answers the question...
here's the link. copy and paste the website.

http://library.thinkquest.org/28751/review/5kingdom/index.html
 

hey mz mountain
a "spine" is made of all the nerve tissues... both chordates and vertebrates have it.... the difference is in the material called bone , which is found only in vertebrates (chordates lack bone)
hj

ps sugar rush... i for one am clapping my hands :)
 

- The five kingdoms of taxonomy are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Bacteria are classified as Monera because they have prokaryotic cells, which means their cells lack membrane bound structures.

Paramecium are classified as Protozoans because they are unicellular and motile.

Mushrooms are classified as fungi because they are multicellular, sessile, consumers.

Grass is classified in the group Plantae because it is a multicellular producer.

Deer are classified as Animals because they are multicellular, and motile.

Of course, the reasons I gave for these organisms' classifications are few. There are a wide variety of details as to why they are classified in their specific group.


- What is the cell theory? (Parts and exceptions.)
 

the cell theory is a doctrine that says all organisms are composed almsot the same.Schleiden and Schwann discovered the cell theory.

--cell theory--name the main glands in the human body and state there funtions.
 

The main glands in the human body are:
1. Hypothalamus - the control and relay center of the endocrine system.
2. Pituitary (master gland)- tells the endocrine glands when to make hormones.
3. Pineal - makes melatonin
4. Thyroid - makes thyroxine, which regulates metabolism.
5. Parathyroid - makes parathormone, which is responsible for calcium metabolism.
6. Thymus - makes thymosin, which is responsible for programing your immune system.
7. Pancreas - contains the islets of langerhans, which contain alpha and beta cells. Beta cells convert glucose to glycogen and alpha cells convert glycogen to glucose.
8. Adrenal - makes adrenalin which is the hormone of "fight or flight".
9. Ovaries - make estrogen and progestrone.
10. Testes - make testosterone which controls the development and function of the male sex organs.


What are the parts of an egg and their functions?
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well done Mz L, but tr33, you need to include a few other parts of the cell theory... and the exceptions to get credit.
:o
 

The main glands of the human body are pineal gland, hypothalmus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenals. The Pineal gland sends hormonal messages to the hypothalmus, and makes mellatonin. The hypothalmus controls autonomic nervous system, blood pressure, hunger, gastrointestinal function, thirst, water retention, bladder contraction, decreases heart rate, body temperature, sweating, and alertness. It also initiates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH. The pituitary gland secrets FSH, GH, Prolactin, oxytocin, and vasopressin. The Thyroid makes thyroxin and regulates metabolism. The Parathyroid makes parathrome. The Adrenal gland makes adrenaline.

What is a Bohr model and what are they used for?

I Just Can't wait to be King!!!!! [Go Lion King!](Emily, I like the Hakuna Matata thing! ♥)
 

oops, maybe I should have refreshed the page... sorry.
 

Well, a bohr model is a diagram that depicts an atom to be positively charged, with electrons surrounding it, which circle around the nucleus.

A bhor model is used for atomic bonding. Placing electrons in shells.




lalalala, what are the stages in mitosis? (describe what goes on in each stage)
 

The stages of mitosis are Interphase, Prophase,Metaphase, Anaphase, & Telophase. During Interphase, the DNA has replicated, but has not formed the condensed structure of chromosome. They remain as loosely coiled chromatin.
In prophase, DNA molecules progressively shorten and condense by coiling, to form chromosomes. The nuclear membrane and nucleus are no longer visible.spindle fibres attach themselves to the centromeres of the chromosomes and align the the chromosomes at the equatorial plate in Metaphase. Then The spindle fibres shorten and the centromere splits, separated sister chromatids are pulled along behind the centromere during anaphase. In telophase, chromosomes reach the poles of their respective spindles. Nuclear envelope reform before the chromosomes uncoil. The spindle fibres disintegrate.
Who discovered the cell?
 

FAIL @ LIFE FOR FORGETTING TO POST A LINK.


im sorry here it is ... if that even counts anymore?


mitosis
 

hey ginseng... you are too hard on yourself... not to worry.
but now go study for tomorrows test!
:)
 

Robet Hooke was the first one to discover a cell. He compared the cork cells he found to the small rooms monks live in. He published this in a book in 1665.
Who were the first people to discover a plant and animal cell?
 

Schleiden and Schwann were the scientists who discovered the first plant and animal cells, respectively.

Name the organs of digestion in the earthworm and give an explanation of how food would get passed through the earthworm's digestive system.

Earthworm Digestion
 

The earthworm eats dirt, digesting the plant and animal matter in the dirt and then eliminates the rest. It has an esophagus for the food to go down. The crop to store the food in. The gizzard that grinds the food down. The intestines for the food to pass through and take out nutrients. The anus for the food to come out.

the digestion in earthwormsWhat is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
 

here is the link that i was supposed to use. sorry

oxidation reduction reaction
 

Oxidation reduction reaction is the reactions that are concerned with the transfer of electrons between species. There is a variety of reactions like this. One example would be oxidation of sugar in the human body through a series of very complex electron transfer processes.

LinkHow does a paramecium nourish itself?
 

hey Vin... you described one type of oxidation (correctly i might add)however, an redox (or oxidation reduction) reaction has to do with the loss or gain of electrons... the element that gains the e- is reduced, and the one that looses the e- is oxidized... BUT there is not a reason under the sun you need to know that for the regents in june... but next year in chem is another story! :) hj
 

A paramecium uses its cillia to sweep microorganisms into the oral groove. From the oral groove, the food passes through the gullet. From the gullet, a food vacuole forms. After the nutients diffuse into the cytoplasm, the food vacoule is disposed of through the anal pore.

What are biotics facors? Give three examples.

Click Here
 

Biotic factors are living things in the environment. Three examples of biotic factors are bacteria, fungi and animals.

What is a mutation? Give two examples of a mutation.

Mutations
 

A mutation is the appearance of a new allele on a chromosome.
One example is chromosomal mutatopn (an abnormal change in the structure of a part/all of a chromosome, or in the number of chromosomes an organism has.)Another type is gene mutation where a change affets a gene on a chromosome.
More specifically, a nonsense mutation, the new nucleotide changes a codon that specified an amino acid to one of the STOP codons.

Name and explain the three laws that Gregor Mendel created?
MENDEL
 

sorry! my link isn't working...so here's the URL

http://www.purchon.com/biology/mendel.htm
 

Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk created three laws. They are:
Law of Segregation: It says that when sperm and egg is made, they only get one gene for each trait
Law of Independent Assortment: It says that no two traits are given out together
Law of Dominance: It says that there are two different genes for a trait and one is dominant. For example: Rr. The big “R” is the dominant one of the two

Name the steps of mitosis and briefly explain each step.
http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/celldivision/mitosis1.html
 

Sorry about that!! Here is the link!

MiToSis
 

The steps of mitosis are:
Interphase - The cell is said to be "resting", not dividing.
Prophase - Paired centioles move to opposite poles of the cell. The nuclear membrane disappears.
Metaphase - The doubled chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.
Anaphase - The spindle fibers formed by the centrioles grab an individual chromosome and pull it to the poles of the cell.
Telophase - The cell cleaves down the equator, and two nuclei can be seen forming.

My question is: What are the different kinds of vegetative propogation?
Vegatative Propogation
 

Vegetative propagation is the asexual reproduction of plants. There are either modified stems, modified leaves, or modified roots. There are numerous of vegetative propagation: bulbs, rhizomes, runners, tubers, layering, cutting, leaf cutting, and grafting.

1. Bulbs are modified leaves such as garlic and onion; they are individual cloves.

2. Rhizomes are modified stems such as ginger and iris.

3. Runners are "above-ground" stems; for example, there are spider plants and strawberries.

4. Tubers are underground, fleshy, swollen, stems. They are NOT roots. Some tubers include potatoes and dahlias.

5. Layering is when a piece of the stem of a main plant reaches the ground and creates roots. Then by cutting the stem, two plants are made. A forsythia is an example of layering.

6. Cutting is the process of cutting the stem; once the stem is cut, new roots are grown. An ivy plant can reproduce via cutting.

7. Leaf cutting is similar to cutting, however, the leaf is cut so that a new plant grows in them from the midrib/vein. Ivy plans can also do leaf cutting.

8. Grafting is when a stock, the parent plant that is attached to the ground, is combined with parts of the new tree, or scion. For example, an apple tree stock can have a pear tree scion so the tree can grow apples and pears.

Name the parts of the nephron and the voyage the urea takes.

Use this picture as a reference. Use this website, too.
 

1. The parts of a nephron are the glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, renal tubule, loop of Henle, arteriole, and venule.
2. First blood enters the glomerulus via an arteriole. Substances are filtered out by the Bowman’s capsule, which then exit it through the renal tubule. The middle of the renal tubule forms a large loop called the loop of Henle in which some reabsorption takes place.
Further information: urine is made through filtration (Bowman’s capsule) and reabsorption.
The Nephron is located throughout the cortex and medulla of the kidneys.
My question: How do villi in the small intestine work, and what is there purpose?
References:
WikipediaDiagram
 

The villi in the small intestine increase the surface area in the small intestine. They are structures, which act as valves, which allow solids liquids and/or acids to pass through one structure to another. Digested nutrients pass into the villi through diffusion.

What is the main function of the small intestine and how is it compared to the large intestine?
 

In the small intestine, food products are absorbed, which helps to break down food, and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream. The small intestine absorbs food, whereas the large intestine absorbs water and waste material.

Click HereWhat are the three major parts of a neuron and what are their purposes?
 

The differences between the small and large intestine are:

A.)The small intestines are responsible for absorbing nutrients from the undigested mixture of food and enzymes.
B.)The large intestines are divided into 9 sections.
C.)The large intestines are responsible for reabsorbing water and some electrolytes.
Click Here My Question: what are 2 types of joints, how do they work, and where are they located in the body?
 

1) Two types of joints would be like immovable joints, and hinge joints.
a) Immovable joint is the joint that cannot move, and is fixed. An example of the immovable joint is the skull.

b) A hinge joint has movement similar to that of a door, basically movement in one direction. An example of this would be like at the elbow, with the movement of the forearm.

Question : What are the parts of the brain? , and list their functions.

The Brain
 

good star trek movie huh!
:)
hj
 

helentee oops!
there are more than 2 types of joints: hinge, fixed, ball and socket, gliding, and pivot....
 

There are many parts to the brain. The medulla controls sensory and motor functions. The hypothalamus controls your sleep cycle, control of eating and drinking, and control of hormone release. The thalamus is involved in motivation. The cerebellum makes outputs of the brain more precise.

Describe the process of biosynthesis?
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